Ventilator



Arm, 1929. w. s. HAMM MASS Patented Apr. 9, 1929.,

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'/VLLAM S. HAMM, 0F HUBBRD W'O'ODS, ILMNOIS,V ASSIGNOR TO THE ADLAK CDTJI- PANY, GF CHLCAGO, ILLINOES, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS'.

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Application filed December 29,1924. ySerial No. 758,550.

lThis invention relates to ventilators, and more particularly to ventilators tor inclosures such as vehicle bodies and the like.

One of the objects ot the invention is the provision of new and improved ventilator having means for increasing` its etiiciency, that will also prevent the entrance of rain, snow and the like into the inclosure on which the ventilator is employed.

Another obj eet ot the invention is the provision of a new and improved ventilator that is inconspicuous when used on a vehicle body, and does not detract trom the appearance ot the vehicle top on which it is employed.

A still further object ot the invention is the provision et a new and improved venti-V lator that is efficient in its operation whether the movement of the air is trom the front or from the rear.

Other objects ot the invention are the provision of a new and improved ventilator that is ellicient in operation, simple in construction, easily applied, cheap to manufacture, and that is not likely to become broken, disassembled or get out ot order.

Other and further objects and advantages ont the invention will appear trom the ollowing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig; 1 a plan view ot a port-ion ot va vehicle body showing my invention in positionv thereon, with parts broken away; l

2 is a see-tion on line 2-2 oi Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. et is a bottom plan ot a portion ot the vehicle top showing a damper and light in position therein;

Fig 5 is a side elevation of a portion ot a vehicle showing the I invention in position thereon; and

Fig. (i is a sectionon line GF6 ofFig. 1.

On the drawings, the reference character 10 designates an inclosure, here shown as being a body ot an automobile, on the top 11 of which theventilator 12 is mounted. l/Vhile the ventilator is shown being mounted on the top ot the body 10 it is understood that it may be mounted on the sides or any otherA portion or the body`10 that is exposed to thepassage of the air during the movement ot the vehicle. y

The vehicletop 11jis provided with an opening 13 over which the ventilator is se cured. A lamp may be conveniently mounted in the opening on the under sidel of the top.

A lamp support 14 provided with a series of openings 9 is secured to the under side ot the top as by the fastening means 15. The support provided with a central opening, and the edge of the support is oiiset to form a ledge 16 about said opening for supporting a glass dome 17. A concave reflector 18 carrving the socket 19 has its peripheral edge 21 bent to engage about the peripheral edge ot said dome. An annular damper 22 having` openings adapted to register with the openings 9 is provided with an annular bead 24 on its peripheral edge for engaging a corresponding recess 25 in said support. lAn operating knob i'or shifting the damper is shown at 28, the stem of the knob projecting and Vworking in a slot 27 in the supporting plate 14.

l'lfhile l have shown a light in connection withthe opening it is understood that the same may be dispensed with ii." desired, it being only necessary that an opening be provided in the top 11 for the escape oit air from the inelosure.

The ventilator may be and preferably is termed ot sheet metal and comprises a casing 29 having top and side walls 31 and 32 respectively, the iront and rear being open.

The side walls preferably converge rear-- wardly as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The casing` 29 may be and preferably is provided with a bottom wall 30, although it is understood that the bottoni wall may be dispensed with entirely, the surface on which the device is attached performing the function of a bottom wall. The wall 30 has an opening 300 therethrough in alinement with the opening 13 in the top portion o1"- the body.

Suitable means are provided for forming one or more narrow passages in the casing 29 toi-the passage oft air therethrough. rllhese y passages may be formed in any suitable manner. As shown, an enclosure member 33 is mounted within the casing` and is adapted to form with the side walls ot said casing 'two air passages 37 and 38. lThe enclosure member 83 is in the Aform ot an endlessband or wall tor enclosing the opening in the bottom ofthe casing` 29. 1t may be of kany suitable shape. 1n the form selected to illustrate one embodiment of the invention, the enclosure member 33 comprisesv the two trontconverg ing walls 34 and 3140, the side walls 35 and the rear converging walls 3G and 360. ll`he side walls 35 are arranged substantially parioriiardly. The walls 36 and 360 converge rearwardly, thereby permitting an expansion and a consequent,reduction of pressure oi the columns of air passing through the re-Y stricted passages 37 and 38.

The walls ot the enclosure are adapted to engage the top and bottom walls 3l and 30 oit the casing 29. rlhe sides o'tl the enclosure are provided with cutaway portions as at 40 forming walls 39 the upper edges of which are spaced 'from thetop ot the casing, see Figs. 3 and G. A shield. member 41 provided with an opening corresponding to the contour oi: the enclosure member extends across the casing .trom end to end 'thereo't and has its ends connected to the ends ot the top wall 31 oit-the casing 29. plate 4l is bent downwardly intermediate its ends to the level oi the bottom ot the notches in the walls 35, and forms the top walls ot 'the passages 37 and 33.

A suitable number ot openings 42 are provided in the walls oit the passages 3l? and 38, preferably above the plane oi 'the bottom oit said passages, so that they will always be above the level ot water that may collect in the passages, thereby preventing` .the entranceo'i the same into the body oi the vehicle. These openings are preterably made in the plate 4l and are adapted to permit air passing up throughthe opening` 13 in the vehicle top to escape into the passages 37 and 33 indicated by 'the arrows in Figs. 3 and 6.

l/Vhile the above described construction will operate to remove the air from the car, it has been found .by experiment that its ejiiiciency is considerably increased by employing an upwardly extending deiiector or `shield member 43 which may, if desired, be

braced with the rearwardly and downwardly extending inclined wall 45.

The detlector member 43 is preferably substantially vertical, and may be of less height .than the casing, and is located slightly in advance oithe iront end of the casing. lt has been found by experiment that the height and position oit the de'lecto'r member 43 gives better results when its proportions and arrangement are that shown whenused on ventilators having substantially the relative dimensions as that disclosed in the drawings. A deliector memberv 44 may also be mounted at the rear of the casing. The deliector member 44 is similar to the deflector member 43, is

'similarly located relative to the rear end oi' the casing Vand its function is substantially the saine. rlhe casing may be and preterably is provided with small lapertures at each corner adjacent to the lower ends oi the inclinedl walls 45 and 46 whereby water entern the passages may escape. The deflector members 43 and 44 may bemounted on and rlhe shi oldV secured to the extended ends of the bottom" Wall 30 of the casing 29, being properly braced by the inclined walls 45 and 4G ref speetively. The' walls 45 and46 being inclined, the air escaping from the passages 37 and 38v will tend to carry snow and the like up the incline and out of the casing, thereby preventing its accumulation in the casing. a certain extent, the entrance oit snow, hail and the'like into the casing and in addition tend to give theventilator a vfinished appearance.

By the use oit these deflector members the vehicle `is ventilated whether the air passes O along the casing from the -iront or 'from the rear. In other words, the ventilator may be said to be reversible.- The ventilator vwill operate to remove the air 'ii-om the vehicle while it is standing it thek wind be blowing from any direction. -Wind blowing from the side across the mouths of the openings in lthe Ventilator has been found to have an aspirating effect to remove the air. from the vehicle through the openings at both ends ot the ventilator. rlhe action is, ot course, less vigorous than when vthe air blows from the rear or front. l

ln order to deflect the air escaping from i the vehicle body into the passages 37 and 33 an air directing member 49 may be and preierably is employed. rl`his member is preterably V-shape, with the'apex on the longitu-V dinal axis ot the casing and with the ends secured to the top wall 3l tnereoit adjacent to the passages 37 and 38, whereby the air T he deiiector members prevent, 'to

passing through the opening 13 oit' the top will be directed into' said passages.

Ithas been ifound'by experiment thatthe efficiency of the ventilator is very materially increased by providingmeans for creating a partial vacuum at the rear ot the casing to facilitate the exit oi the air trom the passages 37and 33. he external deiiector memberl is employed for this purpose'.k on the casing at the rear end thereo;F and coinprises an upwardly and rearwardly extending deflec'tor wall 52 which whenthe yvehicle is moving forwardly tl'irough the air will 'detlect the air passing along the top oi the casing 29v upiif'ardly and rearwardly, thereby causing a partial WicuumI at the rearend'ot lt is mounted the casing which materially augment` the Y the' escape oi'air from the passages in said casing.

The ventilatoris oi high eliicieney., andits operation, determined by tests made .by creating a smudge within the body to which the device was applied and then passing an air blast, of varying intensity, across its top,

"is shown to be as follows z-The external air .currents pass across the openings between the deilectors 43,44, and the ends ot the casing 29, and cause a suction from both ends of the passages 37, 38, which in turn draws air from the interior of the body to which the device is applied through the openings 13 and 42. rBhe convergence of the end walls of the closure 33 enhances the suction applied to the passages 87, 38, by rendering efective the entire width of the device.

rlhe ventilator l2 is a complete or unitary structure and is provided kwith apertured tlanges 54 and 55 whereby it may be secured in position over a suitable ventilator opening in a vehicle body or other enclosure as by means of the screws 56.

It is tiiought from the foregoing Vtaken in connection with the accompanying drawings that the construction and operation of my device Vwill be apparent to t iose skilled in the art, and that various changes in size, shape, proportion and details of construction may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

l claim as my invention l. A ventilator comprising a casing having top, side and bottom walls, said bottom wall having an opening therein, an enclosure member extending about said opening and engaging the top and bottom walls of said casing, the side walls of said member and casing being spaced apart to form air passages at each side .of said member, the side walls of said member having their upper portions cut away, and apertured top walls 'tor said passages.

2. A vventilator 'for vehicles comprising la shallow boX-likeouter casing having a flat top and adapted to be seated on the roof of a vehicle and having its forward end open and an aperture in its bottom for communicating with the interior of the vehicle, a wall eX- tending about said aperture, the front portion et said wall being attached to the top of said casing and the side portions thereof being out away to provide openings, and a shield facing and spaced from the open end for obstructing the entrance of air currents thereinto.

3. A ventilator comprising a casing in the form of a shallow box-like structure" adapted to be seated against the wall of a compartment to be ventilated and having an opening for communicating with the compartment, and an external lateral opening, a wall eX- tending about said tirst-named opening and .attached to the top of said casingy at the front and rear thereof', and a shield facing the last-named opening for obstructing the entrance of air currents thereinto, the space between the shield and the casing being upwardly open.

4. A ventilator for vehicles comprising an outer casing approximately rectangular in cross section, its side walls being of less height than the width of its top, such casing having a flue passage opening thru its bottom and both 'of its ends, a wall extending about the flue passage in the bottom of said casing, said wall being attached to the top wall oil said casing at the front thereof, anda wall facing and spaced from the end openings.

5. In a. ventilator for vehicles, a casing in the form of a shallow box-like structure adapted to seat upon the roof of the vehicle andhaving an opening in its bottom, and an internal partition forming a passage opening through the end oi the casing, said partition having a portion cut away to provide an openlng therethrough, such passage having an opening above its bottom communicating' with the opening in the casing bottom, and a shield facing the external opening of such passage to obstruct the entrance of air currents thereinto.

`6. i In a ventilator for vehicles, a casing in the 'form of a shallow box-like structure hav ing a flue for communicating with the interior of the vehicle and discharging into the casing above the bottom thereof, a passage open externally through the ends of the casing and communicating with the .flue at each side of said casing only, and shields facing the ends of the passage for obstructing the entrance of air currents thereinto.

7. A ventilator; for vehicles comprising a casing having the form of a shallow oblong boX having open en ds and the end portions of its chamber externally open and having an aperture in its bottom, a wall. inclosing the aperture and extending to the top o' the casing having an aperture adjacent its upper end, such wall being impertorate below the last lnamed aperture and shields facing and spaced from the open ends of the casing.

In testimony whereof I alix my signature.

wi'LLraM s. HAMM. 

